Public Engagements

#Budget2025: Four Key Trends in Union Govt's Social Sector Expenditure

Social sector spending declined as a share of total expenditure, health spending has stagnated, growth has slowed in key sub-sectors, and central scheme allocations remain low

About the authors:

Avani Kapur

Avani Kapur is a researcher with public finance expertise exploring how governance systems and state capacity shape India’s welfare architecture

Sharad Pandey

Sharad Pandey is a public finance expert with 8+ years of experience in education, health, climate, and state finance, advancing governance and fiscal accountability.